Glycoconjugate vaccines against antimicrobial resistant pathogens

Area of Science:

• Vaccinology
• Infectious Diseases
• Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes millions of deaths globally, threatening healthcare systems reliant on antibiotics.
• Prevention through vaccines is essential to combat the rise of AMR and reduce reliance on antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advances in carbohydrate-based vaccines against critical AMR pathogens.
• To highlight challenges and the need for innovative approaches in developing vaccines for ESKAPE pathogens.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review on MEDLINE database.
• Focused on ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli).
• Included terms: carbohydrate, glycoconjugate, bioconjugate, glyconanoparticle, multiple presenting antigen system vaccines.

Main Results:

• Glycoconjugate vaccines have proven successful against other bacterial infections.
• Carbohydrate-based vaccines show promise for combating AMR.
• Recent technological, preclinical, and clinical advances are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Carbohydrate-based vaccines are expected to play a significant role in fighting AMR.
• Development of vaccines against ESKAPE pathogens faces challenges.
• Innovative clinical and regulatory strategies are needed to advance vaccine development for AMR targets.