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Glycoconjugate vaccines against antimicrobial resistant pathogens
Charlotte Sorieul1, Marta Dolce2,3, Maria Rosaria Romano2
1Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Introduction:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the death of millions worldwide and stands as a major threat to our healthcare systems, which are heavily reliant on antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. The development of vaccines against the main pathogens involved is urgently required as prevention remains essential against the rise of AMR.
Areas Covered:
A systematic research review was conducted on MEDLINE database focusing on the six AMR pathogens defined as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), which are considered critical or high priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The analysis was intersecated with the terms carbohydrate, glycoconjugate, bioconjugate, glyconanoparticle, and multiple presenting antigen system vaccines.
Expert Opinion:
Glycoconjugate vaccines have been successful in preventing meningitis and pneumoniae, and there are high expectations that they will play a key role in fighting AMR. We herein discuss the recent technological, preclinical, and clinical advances, as well as the challenges associated with the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines against leading AMR bacteria, with focus on the ESKAPE pathogens. The need of innovative clinical and regulatory approaches to tackle these targets is also highlighted.
Insights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat. Developing carbohydrate-based vaccines against critical pathogens like ESKAPE is crucial for preventing infections and preserving antibiotic effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Carbohydrate Chemistry
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes millions of deaths globally, threatening healthcare systems reliant on antibiotics.
- Prevention through vaccines is essential to combat the rise of AMR and reduce reliance on antibiotics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in carbohydrate-based vaccines against critical AMR pathogens.
- To highlight challenges and the need for innovative approaches in developing vaccines for ESKAPE pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review on MEDLINE database.
- Focused on ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli).
- Included terms: carbohydrate, glycoconjugate, bioconjugate, glyconanoparticle, multiple presenting antigen system vaccines.
Main Results:
- Glycoconjugate vaccines have proven successful against other bacterial infections.
- Carbohydrate-based vaccines show promise for combating AMR.
- Recent technological, preclinical, and clinical advances are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Carbohydrate-based vaccines are expected to play a significant role in fighting AMR.
- Development of vaccines against ESKAPE pathogens faces challenges.
- Innovative clinical and regulatory strategies are needed to advance vaccine development for AMR targets.
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