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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Development of a cavity ring-down spectrometer toward multi-species composition.

Luís Felipe F M Barbosa1, Philip B Dubowik1, Manuel A Reddemann1

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A new cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) detects air pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) with high sensitivity. This CRDS system offers a calibration-free, SI-traceable method for analyzing gas mixtures, paving the way for catalysis studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Air pollution monitoring requires sensitive detection of key molecules.
  • Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) offers high sensitivity for gas analysis.
  • Existing CRDS systems may have limitations in wavelength coverage or calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a versatile CRDS for detecting air pollutants.
  • To validate a calibration-free, SI-traceable post-processing method for gas analysis.
  • To explore future applications in heterogeneous catalysis research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CRDS system utilizing custom mirrors (99.99% reflectivity) for broad wavelength coverage (1.52–1.80 µm).
  • Detection of ro-vibrational transitions of nitrogen oxide (NO) at 1.79 µm and carbon monoxide (CO) at 1.58 µm.
  • Application of a post-processing procedure for determining molar fractions in multi-species gas mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a minimum detectable absorbance of 1.1 × 10-10 cm-1 with a 1.2 s integration time.
  • Successfully detected NO transitions at 1.79 µm and CO2/water vapor in ambient air at 1.58 µm.
  • Demonstrated the calibration-free and SI-traceable nature of the post-processing method for gas mixture analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CRDS is highly sensitive and versatile for air pollution monitoring.
  • The calibration-free post-processing method is effective for multi-species gas analysis.
  • The CRDS system holds promise for future studies in heterogeneous catalysis and reaction monitoring.