Understanding the Barriers to Preventive Pharmacological Therapy Use in Older Patients With Urinary Stone Disease

Despite compelling clinical trial evidence and professional society guideline recommendations, prescription rates of preventative pharmacological therapy (PPT) for urinary stone disease are low. We sought to understand how patient- and clinician-level factors contribute to the decision to prescribe PPT after an index stone event.

We identified Medicare beneficiaries with urinary stone disease who had a 24-hour urine collection processed by a central laboratory. Among the subset with a urine chemistry abnormality (ie, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, or low urine pH), we determined whether PPT was prescribed within 6 months of their collection. After assigning patients to the clinicians who ordered their collection, we fit multilevel models to determine how much of the variation in PPT prescription was attributable to patient vs clinician factors.

Of the 11,563 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 33.6% were prescribed PPT. There was nearly sevenfold variation between the treating clinician with the lowest prescription rate (11%) and the one with the highest (75%). Nineteen percent of this variation was attributable to clinician factors. After accounting for measured patient differences and clinician volume, patients had twice the odds of being prescribed PPT if they were treated by a nephrologist (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.79-2.57) or a primary care physician (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.22-2.58) compared to being treated by a urologist.

These findings suggest that the type of clinician whom a patient sees for his stone care determines, to a large extent, whether PPT will be prescribed.