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Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review
Ruirui Jia1, Qing Wang1,2, Hengyi Huang1
1School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk models are linked to dementia and cognitive decline, with 14 of 15 models showing an association. Further research is needed to compare their predictive performance for cognitive disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cognitive decline and dementia are increasing health concerns, particularly with an aging global population.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) shares risk factors with dementia, suggesting a potential link between cardiac health and brain function.
- Existing CVD risk models may offer insights into predicting cognitive decline.
Approach:
- A systematic review was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, etc.) from January 2014 to February 2023.
- Included studies focused exclusively on cardiovascular disease risk models.
- Quality assessment used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and AHRQ criteria, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Key Points:
- 22 articles were included from 9,718 screened references, summarizing 15 distinct CVD risk models.
- Fourteen of the 15 CVD risk models demonstrated an association with dementia and cognitive decline.
- The correlation varied based on cohort characteristics, specific risk models, cognitive tests, and study designs.
Conclusions:
- CVD risk models are significant for public health, aiding in disease risk prediction and prevention.
- Further cohort studies are necessary to solidify the correlation between CVD risk models and cognitive function.
- Additional research should compare the efficacy of different CVD risk models in predicting cognitive disorders.
Background:
Health cognitive promotion and protection is a critical topic. With the world's aging population and rising life expectancy, there will be many people living with highly age-related dementia illnesses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia share the same risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyles and metabolic factors. These recognized risks associated with CVD and dementia frequently co-occur. CVD risk models may have a close association with dementia and cognitive decline. So, this systematic review aimed to determine whether CVD risk models were connected with dementia or cognitive decline and compare the predictive ability of various models.
Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Sinomed, and WanFang were searched from 1 January 2014 until 16 February 2023. Only CVD risk models were included. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for the quality assessment of included cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for cross-sectional studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement's guidelines were followed in this systematic study.
Results:
In all, 9,718 references were screened, of which 22 articles were included. A total of 15 CVD risk models were summarized. Except for the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team (CANHEART) health index, the other 14 CVD risk models were associated with dementia and cognitive decline. In comparison, different CVD risk models and domain-specific cognitive function correlation variation depended on cohort characteristics, risk models, cognitive function tests, and study designs. Moreover, it needed to be clarified when comparing the predicting performance of different CVD risk models.
Conclusion:
It is significant for public health to improve disease risk prediction and prevention and mitigate the potential adverse effects of the heart on the brain. More cohort studies are warranted to prove the correlation between CVD risk models and cognitive function. Moreover, further studies are encouraged to compare the efficacy of CVD risk models in predicting cognitive disorders.
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