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Fear of falling: Scoping review and topic analysis using natural language processing.

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Fear of falling (FoF) in older adults is linked to poor quality of life and increased fall risk. This review maps FoF research, identifying a focus on physical factors and gaps in psychological and social aspects.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Fear of falling (FoF) significantly impacts older adults' quality of life and increases fall risk.
  • Existing systematic reviews address specific FoF domains, but a comprehensive scoping review is lacking.
  • A broad overview is needed to map the research landscape, identify gaps, and suggest future directions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive scoping review of the literature on fear of falling in older adults.
  • To identify key research topics, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for interdisciplinary research.
  • To create a conceptual map of the fear of falling research area.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to PRISMA-ScR guidelines for systematic searching across multiple databases (Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science).
  • Screening of 969 titles and abstracts.
  • Application of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) for topic identification and conceptual mapping after text pre-processing (stop word removal, stemming, TF-IDF vectorization).

Main Results:

  • Identification of seven main topics within fear of falling research.
  • Dominant focus on physical health factors, specifically balance and gait.
  • Limited attention to cognitive, psychological, social, and environmental factors influencing FoF.
  • Under-exploration of demographic factors beyond gender and age.

Conclusions:

  • A need exists for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of fear of falling.
  • Future research should address understudied areas, including psychological, social, and environmental determinants.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly with social sciences, is recommended to broaden FoF research scope.