Development and Psychometric Properties of the Brain Drain Questionnaire for Nurses

Background and Purpose: Brain drain, also known as "human capital flight," refers to the migration of employees such as nurses from developing countries to wealthier countries for better living conditions. There is a dearth of literature internationally about the determinants and factors influencing nurses' brain drain using a standardized instrument. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the brain drain questionnaire (BDQ). Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 325 Egyptian nurses who were recruited to answer the BDQ. The psychometric properties were examined. Results: The final BDQ contained 59 items. The coefficient α, content validity index, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.979, 0.88, and 0.778, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity also validated the BDQ. Conclusion: The BDQ has acceptable reliability and validity among nurses and the potential to be clinically useful. Future cross-validation research across sectors and nations is recommended to optimize its utility.