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Developmental assessment: 18 months to 4 1/2 years. Performance tests.

D F Egan, R Brown

    Child: Care, Health and Development
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Developmental assessments for children aged 18 months to 4.5 years reveal age-related milestones in tower building, pencil grasp, and drawing. Early identification of developmental delay is possible through these performance tests.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Pediatric Performance Testing
    • Childhood Development

    Background:

    • Assessing early childhood development is crucial for identifying potential delays.
    • Standardized performance tests can provide objective measures of developmental progress.
    • Understanding age-related milestones aids in early intervention strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate performance tests in young children aged 18 months to 4.5 years.
    • To identify age-related developmental milestones in motor skills and cognitive tasks.
    • To investigate potential indicators of developmental delay based on performance.

    Main Methods:

    • A sample of 425 children from inner city and rural areas participated.
    • Performance was assessed using tasks such as tower building with cubes, pencil grasp observation, copying cube models, drawing geometric shapes, and the Draw-a-Man test.

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  • Data were analyzed to identify age-related performance patterns and differences between genders.

    • Main Results:

    • A minimum number of cubes built into a tower correlates with age, potentially indicating developmental delay.
    • A clear developmental sequence was observed in pencil grasp.
    • Significant developmental scales were found in copying cube models, drawing geometric shapes, and the Draw-a-Man test, with girls outperforming boys in drawing skills.

    Conclusions:

    • Performance tests, including tower building and drawing tasks, can effectively assess developmental progress in young children.
    • Specific age-related benchmarks in motor and drawing skills can help identify developmental delays.
    • Girls demonstrate advanced drawing skills compared to boys in this age group.