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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

3.0K
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
3.0K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

2.5K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.9K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.9K
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:28

Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.2K
Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
3.2K
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

3.4K
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
3.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
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Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

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Reprocessable Polyurethane Foams Using Acetoacetyl-Formed Amides.

Hiba Kassem1,2, Lucie Imbernon2, Lucas Stricker1

  • 1Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed recyclable polyurethane foams (PUFs) using dynamic acetoacetyl-formed amides. These malleable PUFs can be reprocessed multiple times into strong PU elastomers, offering a sustainable solution for foam recycling.

Keywords:
amidesdynamic materialspolyurethanepolyurethane foamsreprocessability

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Thermosetting polyurethane foams (PUFs) possess permanent cross-links, limiting their reprocessability and recyclability.
  • Current recycling methods for PUFs are often inefficient and environmentally burdensome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce dynamic units into PUF backbones for enhanced reprocessability.
  • To develop a solvent-free method for producing recyclable PUFs.
  • To investigate the properties of reprocessed PUFs.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of acetoacetyl-formed amides as dynamic cross-links in PUF synthesis.
  • Optimization of foam composition for malleability at elevated temperatures (above 130 °C).
  • Compression molding of PU cross-linked materials to form PU elastomers.

Main Results:

  • Malleable PUFs were produced without solvents, exhibiting properties comparable to standard PUFs (e.g., density of 32 kg/m³).
  • The material could be compression-molded at least three times, yielding strong PU elastomers.
  • Reprocessed PU elastomers maintained similar chemical and thermal properties, with glass transition temperatures (Tg) between -42 and -48 °C.

Conclusions:

  • Acetoacetyl-formed amides enable the creation of thermally reprocessable PUFs.
  • This approach offers a viable and straightforward pathway for recycling end-of-life polyurethane foams.
  • The developed method addresses key sustainability challenges in polyurethane material management.