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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Accelerators

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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

Acrylic Hot-Melt Adhesives Containing Dynamic Covalent Cross-Links.

Jonas Debuyck1, Jeanne Billet1, Tim Maiheu1

  • 1Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 291-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New dynamically cross-linked hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) use itaconate-based acrylics for enhanced strength and solvent resistance. This innovation improves performance by enabling reversible anhydride chemistry for advanced adhesive materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Adhesive Technology

Background:

  • Hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) offer environmental and processing benefits but often lack mechanical strength and solvent resistance due to their thermoplastic nature.
  • Developing HMAs with improved properties is crucial for expanding their application range in demanding environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-itaconic anhydride) copolymers for dynamically cross-linked HMAs.
  • To investigate the cross-linking mechanism via anhydride ring-opening and monoester-anhydride exchange.
  • To evaluate the mechanical performance, solvent resistance, and thermal properties of the developed HMAs.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymer synthesis of n-butyl methacrylate and itaconic anhydride.
  • Cross-linking of copolymers using alcohols to form dynamic ester-anhydride networks.
  • Mechanical testing, including lap-shear strength measurements.
  • Rheological analysis using complex-viscosity measurements across a temperature range.

Main Results:

  • The developed itaconate-based acrylic copolymers exhibit facile cross-linking, leading to a 10-fold increase in lap-shear strength compared to thermoplastic references.
  • The dynamic monoester-anhydride exchange provides enhanced solvent resistance and mechanical integrity.
  • Complex-viscosity measurements show a sharp transition within the HMA processing window (120-180 °C), facilitating substrate wetting and maintaining performance.

Conclusions:

  • An itaconate-based acrylic platform for dynamically cross-linked HMAs has been successfully introduced.
  • Reversible anhydride chemistry offers a viable route to enhance the performance of hot-melt adhesives.
  • These advanced HMAs show potential for broader applications requiring superior mechanical and solvent resistance properties.