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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.1K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.0K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

5.5K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.5K
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

4.0K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
4.0K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

8.8K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.8K
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

4.2K
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
4.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
10:15

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.5K

A colourful duplication.

Violaine Llaurens1,2

  • 1Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.

Elife
|November 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Male wood tiger moths evolved distinct wing patterns, displaying either yellow or white coloration. This variation arose from a significant genetic duplication event during their evolutionary history.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal coloration

Background:

  • The wood tiger moth (Arctia caja) exhibits striking sexual dimorphism in wing patterns.
  • A specific genetic duplication event is implicated in the evolution of these distinct phenotypes.

Discussion:

  • Investigating the genetic mechanisms behind wing pattern variation in Lepidoptera.
  • Understanding the role of gene duplication in generating phenotypic diversity.
  • Exploring the evolutionary pressures that may maintain distinct color morphs.

Key Insights:

  • A single genetic duplication event is responsible for the yellow and white wing patterns in male wood tiger moths.
  • This duplication provides a clear example of how gene duplication can rapidly drive evolutionary diversification.
Keywords:
arctia plantaginiscolourevolutionevolutionary biologygeneticspolymorphismwing patterns

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Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications
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Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
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Outlook:

  • Further research into the regulatory elements and functional consequences of the duplicated gene.
  • Comparative studies with related moth species to trace the origin and spread of this genetic event.
  • Investigating potential ecological or sexual selection pressures favoring different wing patterns.