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Saccade execution increases the preview effect with faces: An EEG and eye-tracking coregistration study.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Humans make frequent saccadic eye movements during natural viewing.
  • Extrafoveal previews influence postsaccadic visual object processing and discrimination.
  • Previous research, particularly in reading, shows preview effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if saccade execution is necessary for the preview effect on visual object processing.
  • To compare preview effects during actual saccades versus simulated saccade latencies with stable fixation.
  • To examine the impact of saccades on neural (N170) and behavioral responses to faces.

Main Methods:

  • Gaze-contingent experiment with coregistered EEG and eye-tracking.
  • Participants performed saccades towards faces with potential orientation changes.
  • Control condition involved stable fixation and simulated saccade latency.

Main Results:

  • Preview effects (neural and behavioral) were significantly larger when saccades were executed compared to the no-saccade condition.
  • Shorter first fixation durations were observed after invalid previews, contrasting with reading studies.
  • The N170 component and manual responses to faces were modulated by the preview and saccade condition.

Conclusions:

  • Saccade execution amplifies the preview effect in visual object processing, likely due to integrated sensorimotor processes.
  • Active gaze behavior, involving saccades, captures key dynamics of natural vision better than studies with fixed gaze.
  • Findings challenge the ecological validity of EEG studies using only stable fixation for understanding real-world visual perception.