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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
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Copolymerization Involving Sulfur-Containing Monomers.

Tian-Jun Yue1, Wei-Min Ren1, Xiao-Bing Lu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.

Chemical Reviews
|November 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sulfur-containing polymers offer unique properties like high refractive index and metal ion adhesion. This review highlights advances in synthesizing these polymers using various sulfur monomers and copolymerization techniques for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Incorporating sulfur (S) atoms into polymer main chains imparts desirable properties such as high refractive index, enhanced mechanical and electrochemical performance, and strong adhesion to heavy metal ions.
  • Copolymerization of sulfur-containing monomers is a versatile strategy for creating diverse S-containing polymers with tunable sequences and complex topological structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers.
  • To emphasize the role of copolymerization and multicomponent polymerization techniques in constructing these materials.
  • To highlight the importance of precise structural control for high-value applications.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymerization and multicomponent polymerization techniques.
  • Utilizing a variety of sulfur-containing monomers, including dithiols, carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, cyclic thioanhydrides, episulfides, and elemental sulfur (S8).
  • Focus on controlling main-chain sequence, stereochemistry, and topological structure.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated facile synthesis of S-containing polymers with diverse structures and tunable properties.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of various S-containing monomers in polymerization.
  • Highlighted the ability to achieve precise control over polymer architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur-containing polymers synthesized via copolymerization offer significant potential for advanced material applications.
  • Precise control over polymer structure is key to unlocking high-value applications.
  • The reviewed synthetic strategies provide a robust platform for developing novel sulfur-based functional materials.