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Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
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Is gaze cuing more like endogenous or exogenous orienting?

Nicholas E Murray1, Richard S Drake2, Raymond M Klein2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University.

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|November 2, 2023
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Summary

Gaze cuing, the shift of attention toward another's gaze, acts as a hybrid of deliberate (endogenous) and reflexive (exogenous) attention control. This study reveals its unique interactive and additive effects on performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Gaze cuing, the automatic shift of attention following another person's gaze, shares characteristics with both endogenous (deliberate) and exogenous (reflexive) attention control.
  • Previous research established distinct effects of endogenous and exogenous attention on target processing, using additive vs. interactive effects with illusory conjunctions and nonspatial expectancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of attention control exerted by gaze cues by applying a double-dissociation strategy.
  • To determine whether gaze cuing effects align more with endogenous or exogenous attention based on their interaction with established attentional paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Assessed gaze cuing effects on accuracy in the presence of illusory conjunctions.
  • Experiment 2: Examined gaze cuing effects in conjunction with nonspatial expectancies.
  • Compared the additive/interactive properties of gaze cuing with known endogenous and exogenous attention effects.

Main Results:

  • Gaze cuing effects on accuracy were additive with illusory conjunction opportunities, similar to endogenous orienting.
  • Gaze cuing effects were also additive with nonspatial expectancy effects, mirroring exogenous orienting.
  • These findings demonstrate a dual nature of gaze cuing's influence on performance.

Conclusions:

  • Gaze cuing functions as a hybrid system, exhibiting characteristics of both endogenous and exogenous attentional control.
  • The study provides empirical evidence for the complex mechanisms underlying social attention shifts.
  • Understanding gaze cuing's hybrid nature has implications for theories of spatial attention and social cognition.