Transient Ischemic Attack in a 22-Year-Old NCAA Division I Baseball Athlete: A Case Study

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Neurology
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• A 22-year-old Division I baseball player experienced sudden confusion and chest pain during a scrimmage.
• Initial evaluation revealed no head trauma, but rapid cognitive decline prompted emergency referral.

Observation:

• Electrocardiogram ruled out myocardial infarction, but a stroke alert was initiated due to cognitive decline.
• The patient was diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) secondary to an undiagnosed patent foramen ovale (PFO).
• The PFO remained undetected by preparticipation exams and electrocardiograms until a 2D echocardiogram revealed the congenital defect.

Findings:

• Surgical correction of the PFO was performed via catheterization.
• The case highlights the limitations of traditional screening methods in detecting PFO in athletes.
• The patient experienced a full recovery and returned to athletic competition.

Implications:

• Emphasizes the critical role of athletic trainers in emergency response and patient management.
• Underscores the need for updated emergency action plans and rapid TIA recognition in athletic populations.
• Suggests a review of return-to-play protocols for athletes following TIA events.