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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

950
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
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Navigating the management complexity in long-term asymptomatic immunodeficiency.

Katherine Park, Qing Wang, Rachel U Lee

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    Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) can be diagnosed incidentally. Early immunoglobulin replacement therapy improves life expectancy but requires careful risk-benefit assessment due to potential side effects and life adjustments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) presents with recurrent infections and various non-infectious complications.
    • Immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy is a lifelong treatment that significantly improves life expectancy in CVID patients.
    • Determining the optimal timing for Ig initiation in asymptomatic CVID cases remains challenging.

    Observation:

    • A case of an otherwise healthy male with an incidental diagnosis of CVID is presented.
    • Hypogammaglobulinemia was identified, persisting for over 30 years.

    Findings:

    • The incidental diagnosis highlights that CVID may not always present with overt symptoms.
    • Long-standing hypogammaglobulinemia was a key laboratory finding.

    Implications:

    • While Ig replacement reduces infections, it carries potential side effects and a significant medical burden.
    • The need for Ig therapy, particularly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), can impact military deployment readiness and careers.
    • A thorough risk-benefit analysis is crucial before initiating Ig therapy in CVID patients, considering quality of life and career implications.