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Small molecules and conjugates as theranostic agents.

Sumon Pratihar1, Krithi K Bhagavath1, Thimmaiah Govindaraju1

  • 1Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India tgraju@jncasr.ac.in.

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Summary

Theranostics combines therapy and diagnostics for real-time disease monitoring and treatment response. This review explores current and emerging theranostic approaches, focusing on small molecules and their conjugates.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Theranostics integrates diagnostics and therapeutics for enhanced disease management.
  • Advancements enable drug modalities offering targeted treatment and real-time monitoring.
  • Imaging integration improves outcomes for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and evolving theranostic approaches.
  • To discuss the role of small molecules and their conjugates in theranostics.
  • To outline the advantages and disadvantages of current theranostic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on theranostic agents.
  • Analysis of nuclear medicine-based theranostics.
  • Exploration of nanomedicine and macromolecular systems (gels, polymers, aptamers, dendrimers).

Main Results:

  • Theranostic agents are crucial in early and clinical drug development.
  • Nuclear medicine is the current basis for theranostic treatments.
  • Nanomedicine and various macromolecular systems are under development for theranostic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Theranostics offers significant potential for personalized medicine.
  • Small molecules and their conjugates represent a promising area for future theranostic development.
  • Continued research is vital for optimizing theranostic agent design and application.