Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2025
Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
Published on: January 27, 2023
Echocardiographic Study of Ventricular Septal Defect in 1- to 12-Year-Old Children Visiting a Tertiary Care Center in
1Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND.
Insights
This study identified common types of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in children using echocardiography. Findings highlight the importance of early VSD diagnosis for preventing serious complications like infective endocarditis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Serious congenital heart problems often manifest in early childhood.
- Ventricular septal defects (VSD) involve abnormal shunting between heart ventricles.
- Early detection is critical for managing VSD and associated risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the most frequent types of ventricular septal defects (VSD) via echocardiography.
- To investigate potential gender variations in VSD types.
- To correlate VSD characteristics with clinical presentation and associated anomalies.
Main Methods:
- Echocardiography with color Doppler was used to evaluate 100 children (1-12 years) with suspected VSD.
- Assessment included VSD size, location, and involvement of septal components (AV canal, muscular, conal).
- Data on clinical symptoms, gender, and co-existing congenital anomalies were collected.
Main Results:
- Fast breathing (65%), chest retraction (62%), and cough (54%) were the most common symptoms.
- Cyanosis (52%) and fever (54%) were also frequently observed in VSD patients.
- Echocardiography effectively characterized VSD types and associated morphological changes.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis of VSD is crucial for timely intervention and management.
- Prompt diagnosis aids in preventing severe sequelae such as infective endocarditis and pulmonary hypertension.
- Echocardiography is a key tool for classifying VSD and guiding treatment strategies.
Abstract:
Background Symptoms of serious heart problems present at birth often appear during the first few days, weeks, or months of a child's life. Shunt formation between the left and right ventricle is a crucial component of the pathophysiology of ventral septal defects. Objectives We aim to determine the most frequent types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) by echocardiography and whether there is any gender variation in the type of ventricular septal defect. Material and methods A total of 100 children who were clinically suspected of or diagnosed with VSD at the age of 1-12 years were enrolled in this study. The septum of the atrioventricular (AV) canal, the muscular septum, and the parietal band of the distal conal septum were evaluated by color Doppler. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) size and kind are similarly impacted by the 2D echo mode. The size and site of the VSD, associated congenital anomaly, and significant morphological changes in ventricular cavities, gender discrimination, and relation-specific types of ventricular septal defect were observed. Results A total of 100 VSD children presented with clinical symptoms of fast breathing, retraction of the chest, cough, cyanosis, fever, difficulty during feeding, cyanotic spell, chest pain, and edema at 65%, 62%, 54%, 52%, 54%, 29%, 9%, 11%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion Early diagnosis is essential for effective medical care of diseases such as infective endocarditis (IE), which is present in some cases of VSD, and the avoidance of persistent pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD).
Related Concept Videos
01:20Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
01:17Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...