Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Ganoderma Species and Their Activity against Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens
Iffraz Ali Syed1, Iqbal Ahmad Alvi1, Muhammad Fiaz2
1Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra.
Abstract:
The widespread and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to microbial resistance, which causes major problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, advances in nanotechnology using mushrooms have opened up new domains for the synthesis and use of nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Mushooms have recently attracted attention and are exploited for food and medicinal purposes. The current study focuses on the molecular identification, characterization of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and antibacterial analysis of extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis from Ganoderma resinaceum against multidrug resistant microbes. Accurate identification of mushrooms is key in utilizing them for the benefit of humans. However, morphological identification of mushrooms is time consuming, tedious and may be prone to error. Molecular techniques are quick and reliable tools that are useful in mushroom taxonomy. Blast results showed that G. resinaceum (GU451247) obtained from Pakistan was 97 % same to the recognized G. resinaceum (GU451247) obtained from China as well as G. resinaceum (GU451247) obtained from India. The antimicrobial potential of mushroom composite and AgNPs showed high efficacy against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI 23 mm) K. pneumonia (ZOI 20 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZOI 24 mm) and E. fecalis and A. baumannii (ZOI 10 mm), and multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii (ZOI 24 mm). XRD evaluation revealed the crystalline composition of synthesized NPs with diameter of 45 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy obsorption peaked of 589 nm confirmed the presence of AgNPs. SEM results showed the cubic morphology of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis of NPs obtained from G. resinaceum containing C=O as well as (O=C-H) stretching revealed presence of hydrogen, carbonyl and amide groups. The synthesized extract and AgNPs showed promising minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 2 mg concentration against the MDR strains. AgNPs are observed to be efficient as they need less quantities to prevent bacterial growth. In the view of challenges for developing antimicrobial NPs of variable shape and size by various other methods, tuning nanoparticles synthesized via mushrooms can be a wonderful approach to resolve existing hurdles.
Insights
This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Ganoderma resinaceum mushroom extract. These AgNPs exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, offering a novel approach to combatting infectious diseases.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Mycology
- Microbiology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Rising microbial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant global health threat.
- Mushrooms, particularly Ganoderma resinaceum, are increasingly recognized for their medicinal properties.
- Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for developing novel antimicrobial agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Ganoderma resinaceum.
- To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the mushroom extract and synthesized AgNPs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes.
- To explore the potential of mushroom-derived nanoparticles as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Main Methods:
- Molecular identification of Ganoderma resinaceum using BLAST.
- Biosynthesis of AgNPs using Ganoderma resinaceum extract.
- Characterization of AgNPs using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
- Antibacterial activity assessment via zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against MDR strains.
Main Results:
- Molecular identification confirmed the Ganoderma resinaceum species with high similarity to known strains.
- Characterization revealed crystalline AgNPs with a cubic morphology, approximately 45 nm in diameter, confirmed by XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
- The synthesized AgNPs and mushroom extract demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, including MDR strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Promising minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/mL was observed for AgNPs against MDR strains.
Conclusions:
- Ganoderma resinaceum is a viable source for the green synthesis of effective silver nanoparticles.
- The synthesized AgNPs exhibit potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
- Mushroom-derived AgNPs represent a promising and efficient alternative strategy for combating antibiotic resistance.
