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A Plant-Centered Diet is Inversely Associated With Radiographic Emphysema: Findings from the CARDIA Lung Study.

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A plant-centered diet may help prevent emphysema in smokers. Young adults who ate more nutritious, plant-based foods had a lower risk of developing emphysema later in life.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema pose significant public health challenges.
  • Smokers are a high-risk group for emphysema, with limited prevention options.
  • Identifying preventive strategies for emphysema is crucial for COPD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to a nutritionally rich, plant-centered diet and the risk of developing radiographic emphysema in young adult ever-smokers.
  • To explore diet as a potential preventive measure for emphysema in a high-risk population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1706 participants from the CARDIA Lung Prospective Cohort Study, followed for 30 years.
  • Dietary intake assessed using repeated measures to calculate A Priori Diet Quality Scores (APDQSs), categorized into quintiles.
  • Emphysema assessed via computed tomography (CT) at year 25; statistical adjustments made for covariates, including smoking.

Main Results:

  • Emphysema was diagnosed in 13.0% of the cohort.
  • Prevalence of emphysema was significantly lower in the highest APDQS quintile (4.5%) compared to the lowest (25.4%).
  • Greater adherence to a plant-centered diet showed an inverse association with emphysema risk (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.19-0.99).

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal adherence to a nutritionally rich, plant-centered diet is linked to reduced emphysema risk in middle adulthood.
  • Diet may serve as a viable strategy for emphysema prevention among smokers.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm diet's role in emphysema prevention for high-risk populations.