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Causal relationship between ADHD and frozen shoulder: Two-sample Mendelian randomization.

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Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for frozen shoulder. This study found a causal link, suggesting individuals with ADHD have a higher likelihood of developing frozen shoulder.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Psychiatry
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a debilitating condition characterized by shoulder stiffness and pain.
  • The potential causal link between ADHD and frozen shoulder remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between ADHD and frozen shoulder.
  • To determine if ADHD is a risk factor for developing frozen shoulder using genetic data.
  • To leverage Mendelian randomization to explore this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • Selected independent genetic loci associated with ADHD and frozen shoulder from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European ancestry populations.
  • Employed inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods for causal inference, with sensitivity analyses including leave-one-out.

Main Results:

  • Inverse variance weighting analysis indicated a statistically significant causal effect of ADHD on frozen shoulder (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.25, P = .046).
  • No significant heterogeneity or multiplicity was detected.
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is identified as a significant risk factor for the development of frozen shoulder.
  • Individuals diagnosed with ADHD exhibit an increased predisposition to suffering from frozen shoulder.
  • These findings highlight a potential genetic link and inform clinical considerations for patients with ADHD.