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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
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Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies

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Engineering metabolism to modulate immunity.

Senta M Kapnick1, Corinne A Martin2, Christopher M Jewell3

  • 1Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|November 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomaterials can reprogram immune cell metabolism to treat diseases like autoimmunity and cancer. These advanced materials offer new ways to deliver metabolic cues, improving therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsImmune engineeringImmunometabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunometabolism and biomaterials science.
  • Translational medicine and therapeutic development.

Background:

  • Immune cell metabolism is crucial for function and a target for treating immune-mediated disorders.
  • Current challenges exist in effectively delivering metabolic cues to immune cells for therapeutic benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how biomaterials can control immune cell metabolism.
  • To explore biomaterial strategies for delivering metabolic cues and their clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on biomaterials and immunometabolism.
  • Emphasis on nanoparticle and biomaterial features for intracellular and extracellular delivery of metabolic cues.
  • Discussion of reciprocal regulation by material properties.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterials offer integrated control over metabolic configurations in immune cells.
  • Nanoparticles and other biomaterials can deliver metabolic cues intracellularly or modify extracellular signals.
  • Physical properties of biomaterials can reciprocally regulate immunometabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Biomaterials hold significant potential for manipulating immune cell metabolism.
  • This approach can impact treatments for autoimmunity, regeneration, transplantation, and cancer.
  • Clinical translation of biomaterial-based immunometabolic strategies is a promising future direction.