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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Discounting health gain: a different view.

Baudouin Standaert¹, Olivier Ethgen²

¹Faculty of Medicine & Life sciences, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Journal of Market Access & Health Policy

|November 8, 2023

Summary

Discounting health benefits in economic assessments is paradoxical. Not discounting health gains encourages long-term research, benefiting all stakeholders in healthcare.

Keywords:

Discounting economic assessment health vaccination

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

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Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Health Economics
Public Health Policy
Medical Ethics

Background:

Societies historically value good health for societal progress and longevity.
Current health economic assessments paradoxically devalue long-term health gains through discounting.
Societal value is placed on life-saving interventions, such as early vaccine distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the practice of discounting health in healthcare economic assessments.
To analyze the paradoxical implications of discounting, particularly for preventive measures like vaccination.
To argue against the economic rationale for discounting future health benefits.

Main Methods:

Critical analysis of health economic assessment methodologies.
Examination of the concept of discounting in relation to health benefits versus financial assets.
Review of case studies, including vaccination programs, to illustrate discounting's impact.

Main Results:

Discounting health benefits is economically unsustainable and counter-intuitive to societal goals of improving healthy life expectancy.
The practice primarily benefits payers seeking to reduce expenditure on life-saving interventions.
Alternative, more transparent methods exist for payers to manage healthcare spending.

Conclusions:

There is no valid economic argument for discounting future health gains.
Eliminating discounting would incentivize research focused on long-term health outcomes.
Not discounting health benefits offers a more equitable and beneficial approach for investors, payers, and patients.