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Related Concept Videos

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward.

Dora Buonfrate1, Richard S Bradbury2, Matthew R Watts3

  • 1Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|November 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongyloidiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions, is caused by the parasitic worm Strongyloides stercoralis. Effective management involves diagnostics, treatment with ivermectin, and further research.

Keywords:
Strongyloidesneglected tropical diseasessoil-transmitted helminthstrongyloidiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, infecting 300-600 million people globally.
  • The parasite's complex life cycle includes autoinfection, leading to chronic or asymptomatic infections and potential malnourishment.
  • Immunosuppression can trigger fatal hyperinfection syndrome, complicating diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for Strongyloidiasis.
  • To highlight challenges in diagnosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • To emphasize the need for improved diagnostics, treatment protocols, and research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Strongyloides stercoralis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including serology and stool examination.
  • Examination of current treatment guidelines and therapeutic alternatives.

Main Results:

  • Strongyloidiasis affects a significant global population, with variable clinical presentations.
  • Diagnostic sensitivity is limited by low larval output in stool; serology is useful but less sensitive in immunocompromised hosts.
  • Ivermectin is effective for stable disease, while immunocompromised patients require multiple doses.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and targeted treatment programs.
  • Further research is needed for therapeutic alternatives and medication safety, especially in immunocompromised populations.
  • Clarifying the zoonotic potential of Strongyloides stercoralis is crucial for public health strategies.