Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2025
05:49
Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish
Published on: May 5, 2021
4.9K
Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia Causes Rapid-Onset Ocular Surface Damage
Judy Weng1, Christopher Ross1, Jacob Baker1
1Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|November 8, 2023
Summary
Short-term hyperglycemia from diabetes rapidly damages the ocular surface, decreasing tear film volume and goblet cells. This study reveals early-onset eye complications in diabetic patients, highlighting the impact of high blood sugar on eye health.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to known complications.
- Short-term hyperglycemia causes acute changes like hemodynamic alterations, oxidative, and inflammatory stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate rapid-onset detrimental effects of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia on the ocular surface.
- To assess impacts on tear film, goblet cells, corneal glycocalyx, and inflammatory/stress responses.
Main Methods:
- Utilized mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
- Measured tear film volume, goblet cell count, and corneal glycocalyx area at 7, 14, and 28 days post-hyperglycemia onset.
- Performed transcriptome analysis for inflammatory, apoptotic, and stress response genes.
Main Results:
- Hyperglycemia significantly reduced tear film volume, goblet cell number, and corneal glycocalyx area.
- Ocular surface damage was evident as early as 7 days after hyperglycemia onset.
- Type 1 diabetes showed more severe ocular surface injury than type 2; increased inflammatory and stress gene transcripts were observed.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes-associated hyperglycemia causes rapid-onset ocular surface damage.
- Short-term hyperglycemia may significantly contribute to ocular surface injury and dry eye in diabetic patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
556
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
556
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
953
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
953
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
595
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
595
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.7K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.5K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.5K
01:15Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
274
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
274