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Related Concept Videos

Respiration Pathways01:26

Respiration Pathways

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Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

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The electron transport chain is a crucial metabolic pathway facilitating energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes that mediate a series of redox reactions located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. These complexes function by transferring electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to terminal electron acceptors, including oxygen in aerobic respiration...
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Introduction to Metabolism01:30

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Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
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Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
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A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
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The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024.

Marija Milacic1, Deidre Beavers2, Patrick Conley2

  • 1Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 9, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reactome is a manually curated knowledgebase detailing human biological processes and molecular transformations. It aids in discovering functional relationships in biological data and supports disease variant annotation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Reactome is a core biological data resource providing manually curated molecular details of biological processes.
  • It functions as a digital archive and a tool for discovering functional relationships in biological data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review progress in annotating the human proteome within Reactome.
  • Discuss targeted annotation of disease-causing genetic variants and small-molecule drugs.
  • Explore support for cell- and tissue-specific pathways and interoperability with other resources.

Main Methods:

  • Manual curation of molecular details for biological processes.
  • Annotation of ordered networks of molecular transformations.
  • Integration of gene expression and somatic mutation data.

Main Results:

  • Progress towards annotating the entire human proteome.
  • Targeted annotation of disease-causing genetic variants and drugs in a pathway context.
  • Development of support for cell- and tissue-specific pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Reactome serves as a comprehensive resource for human biological pathways.
  • Ongoing efforts focus on expanding proteome coverage, disease variant annotation, and pathway specificity.
  • Interoperability with resources like Gene Ontology is crucial for maintaining the network.