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Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

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Published on: December 27, 2018

Photodiode-based time zero determination for ultrafast electron microscopy.

S T Kempers¹, S Borrelli¹, E R Kieft²

¹Eindhoven University of Technology, Coherence and Quantum Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Structural Dynamics (Melville, N.Y.)

|November 9, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a simple photodiode method to precisely measure time zero in ultrafast electron microscopy. This technique ensures accurate temporal overlap of electron and laser pulses for pump-probe experiments.

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Area of Science:

Ultrafast electron microscopy
Femtosecond laser physics
Materials science

Background:

Pump-probe experiments in ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) demand precise temporal overlap between excitation (pump) and probing (probe) pulses.
Accurate determination of time zero (t0) is critical for resolving ultrafast dynamics in materials.
Existing methods for t0 determination can be complex or costly.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a cost-effective and user-friendly photodiode-based method for measuring time zero in UEM.
To enable precise temporal alignment of single-electron pulses with femtosecond laser pulses.
To establish a foundation for achieving micrometer and picosecond spatiotemporal resolution.

Main Methods:

Development of a photodiode integrated into a sample holder for UEM.
Utilizing the photodiode to detect the temporal overlap between electron and laser pulses.
Characterization of the temporal resolution of the developed alignment method.

Main Results:

A photodiode-based alignment device was successfully implemented for time zero measurements.
The initial device achieved a temporal resolution of 24 picoseconds (ps).
The photodiode's design was identified as the limiting factor for temporal resolution.

Conclusions:

The photodiode method offers a practical approach for achieving time zero alignment in UEM.
Future improvements using photodiodes with lower capacitance will enhance temporal and spatial resolution.
This technique paves the way for advanced spatiotemporal investigations in UEM.