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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration
Published on: April 4, 2022
Nonpharmacological interventions for 'no-option' refractory angina patients
Yoav Paz1, Yair Levy2, Liza Grosman-Rimon3
1General Intensive Care Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University.
Abstract:
Refractory angina pectoris (RAP) defined as chronic anginal chest pain because of coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem. The increase in the number of patients with RAP in recent years is because of the increasing aging population and improved survival rates among patients with CAD. Management of patients with RAP is often extremely challenging. In this review, we present several interventional approaches for RAP, including device therapies, lifestyle intervention, and cell therapies. Some of these treatments are currently used in the management of RAP, whereas other treatments are under investigation.
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