Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.4K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.4K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

4.4K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
4.4K
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

4.8K
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
4.8K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.0K
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

5.0K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
5.0K
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

55.4K
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
55.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell signature in long COVID: insights from an unvaccinated cohort.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: De novo design of quasisymmetric two-component protein cages.

Nature·2026
Same author

De novo design of quasisymmetric two-component protein cages.

Nature·2026
Same author

Cardiomyocyte-Specific Plakophilin-2 Loss Is Sufficient to Induce Aging and Senescence of Nonmyocytes: Relevance to Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Protein Large Language Models Can Predict <i>Flavivirus</i> Protease Target Specificity.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

InSe Nanosheet/Ultrathin Si Heterojunction for Filterless, Self-Powered Ultraviolet Photodetection.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

14.5K

Debugging and consolidating multiple synthetic chromosomes reveals combinatorial genetic interactions.

Yu Zhao1, Camila Coelho1, Amanda L Hughes2

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Scientists consolidated synthetic chromosomes in the Sc2.0 project, creating a strain with 6.5 synthetic chromosomes. This advance aids understanding of genome organization, gene regulation, and metabolic pathways.

Keywords:
3D organizationCRISPR D-BUGSSc2.0chromosome substitutioncombinatorial interactionsconsolidationsynthetic chromosomestranscript isoforms

More Related Videos

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

4.2K
Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

46.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

14.5K
A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

4.2K
Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

46.5K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • The Sc2.0 project aims to construct a eukaryotic synthetic genome.
  • Individual synthetic chromosomes have been successfully assembled.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate multiple synthetic chromosomes into a single strain.
  • To investigate the 3D genome organization and transcript isoform profiles.
  • To develop and apply a method for mapping phenotypic variants.

Main Methods:

  • Endoreduplication intercrossing with tRNA expression cassettes.
  • Hi-C and long-read direct RNA sequencing.
  • CRISPR Directed Biallelic URA3-assisted Genome Scan (CRISPR D-BUGS).
  • Chromosome substitution.

Main Results:

  • A strain with 6.5 synthetic chromosomes was generated.
  • 3D chromosome organization and transcript isoforms were analyzed.
  • CRISPR D-BUGS successfully mapped a modification in synII.
  • An interaction between synIII, synX, transcriptional regulation, inositol metabolism, and tRNA abundance was identified.
  • Over 50% of the Sc2.0 genome was consolidated into one strain via chromosome substitution.

Conclusions:

  • Consolidation of synthetic chromosomes is feasible and advances synthetic genome construction.
  • CRISPR D-BUGS is an effective tool for mapping phenotypic variants.
  • Novel genetic interactions influencing metabolism and gene expression were uncovered.
  • Chromosome substitution accelerates the consolidation process for large-scale genome engineering.