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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis
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Systemic Complications of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Mariana Zapata1, Hendrick Pagan-Torres1, Marlyn J Mayo1

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8887, USA.

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Primary biliary cholangitis causes chronic cholestasis, leading to liver damage and various systemic complications. This review covers the clinical aspects and management of these diverse conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized by chronic cholestasis, a condition involving impaired bile flow.
  • Chronic cholestasis in PBC contributes to progressive liver damage and significant extrahepatic complications.
  • Altered bile acid concentrations disrupt cellular functions, impacting various organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management strategies for complications associated with chronic cholestasis in primary biliary cholangitis.
  • To highlight the diverse range of systemic issues arising from impaired bile flow.
  • To provide insights into the multifaceted nature of managing PBC complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations.
  • Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Overview of current management approaches for cholestasis-related complications.

Main Results:

  • Chronic cholestasis in PBC manifests with symptoms including pruritus, fatigue, and osteoporosis.
  • Extrahepatic manifestations encompass hyperlipidemia, vitamin deficiencies, cardiac dysfunction, and renal issues.
  • Increased risk of malignancies and bacterial cholangitis are significant concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of primary biliary cholangitis requires addressing chronic cholestasis and its wide-ranging systemic complications.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of bile acid dysregulation is crucial for therapeutic development.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential for patients with primary biliary cholangitis to manage diverse clinical manifestations.