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Conceptual definition for drowning prevention: a Delphi study.

Justin-Paul Scarr1,2, Jagnoor Jagnoor3,4

  • 1Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia jscarr@georgeinstitute.org.au.

Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new definition for drowning prevention was developed using the Delphi method. This consensus-based definition emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to reduce drowning risk and build resilience, crucial for global health and safety initiatives.

Keywords:
DrowningPolicyPublic Health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Global Health Security
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Global support for drowning prevention is increasing, evidenced by UN and World Health Assembly resolutions.
  • A universally agreed-upon definition for drowning prevention is currently lacking.
  • This study addresses the need for a standardized definition to guide international efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conceptual definition for drowning prevention.
  • To establish consensus on the definition using the Delphi method.
  • To differentiate drowning prevention from water safety.

Main Methods:

  • A document review was conducted to inform the consensus-building process.
  • An advisory group and diverse expert participants were recruited for Delphi surveys.
  • Two rounds of surveys were used to refine and agree upon a definition, with ≥70% support required for consensus.

Main Results:

  • 134 participants from diverse backgrounds and countries contributed.
  • 50.74% disagreed that drowning prevention and water safety are synonymous.
  • Consensus (97.27%) was reached for the definition: Drowning prevention is a multidisciplinary approach reducing drowning risk and building resilience through evidence-informed measures addressing hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The Delphi method successfully facilitated the co-development of a conceptual definition for drowning prevention.
  • This agreed-upon definition can strengthen multisectoral action and partnerships with health and sustainable development agendas.
  • Defining drowning prevention by vulnerability and exposure may enhance focus on social determinants and upstream factors.