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A Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis Case Study: From Weakness to Wellness.

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  • 1Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR.

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Summary

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (HPP) can be triggered by hyperthyroidism. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction are crucial for preventing recurrent HPP attacks, especially in Asian populations.

Keywords:
asian originhyperkalemic paralysishyperkalemic periodic paralysishyperthyroidismlower limb hyporeflexiamuscle weaknessproximal limb weaknessthyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is a rare neuromuscular disorder.
  • It is characterized by episodic muscle weakness and low serum potassium levels.
  • HPP can arise from hereditary, familial, or acquired factors.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 40-year-old Asian individual presenting with sudden bilateral proximal limb weakness and palpitations.
  • Severe hypokalemia (serum potassium: 1.8 mmol/L) was identified during an attack.
  • The patient's symptoms resolved with potassium replacement therapy.

Findings:

  • Further investigations revealed a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.
  • Treatment with carbimazole and propranolol successfully prevented recurrent HPP episodes.
  • This case underscores the link between thyrotoxicosis and HPP.

Implications:

  • Recognizing HPP as a potential manifestation of thyroid dysfunction is critical.
  • Early diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism can prevent HPP recurrence.
  • This is particularly important in individuals of Asian ethnicity, where this association may be more prevalent.