Breast infections: A review of current literature

Breast infections are common, affect women of all ages, and are associated with significant morbidity. Despite overall prevalence, treatment varies significantly based on provider or institution and no central treatment guidelines exist to direct the management of breast infections. This article provides a summary of the current trends in management of breast infections. The etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of mastitis and breast abscesses (and their relative subdivisions) are explored based on the current literature. Trends in microbiology are reviewed and an approach to antibiotic coverage is proposed. Overall, there is a lack of randomized-controlled trials focused on the treatment of breast infections. This has resulted in an absence of clinical practice guidelines for the management of breast abscesses and variable practice patterns. The development of best-care protocols or pathways could provide more uniformity in care of breast infections.