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Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Enhanced Bonding to Caries-Affected Dentin Using an Isocyanate-Based Primer.

K Tang1, F Wang1, S Q Dai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

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|November 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new monomer, ITCM, improves resin bonding to caries-affected dentin (CAD) by creating chemical bonds with collagen. This enhances bond strength and durability, offering a promising solution for dental restorations.

Keywords:
collagencross-linking reagentsdental adhesivesdental diseasesdental restorationmatrix metalloproteinases

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Adhesive Dentistry

Background:

  • Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease, frequently necessitating resin restorations.
  • Minimally invasive dentistry prioritizes preserving caries-affected dentin (CAD) over complete removal.
  • Poor bonding to CAD compromises the longevity and integrity of dental restorations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel collagen-reactive monomer (ITCM) as a primer for enhancing CAD bonding performance.
  • To assess the chemical interactions and bonding efficacy of ITCM with CAD.
  • To investigate the impact of ITCM on the durability and quality of the dentin-bonding interface.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to analyze chemical interactions.
  • Microtensile bond strength testing after 24-hour water storage and thermocycling.
  • Nanoleakage assessment, interfacial nanoindentation, and in situ zymography to evaluate interface quality.
  • Cytotoxicity assays to determine ITCM biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • ITCM's isocyanate groups formed covalent and hydrogen bonds with collagen in CAD, facilitating chemical bonding.
  • ITCM pretreatment significantly increased CAD bond strength (P < 0.05).
  • Improved interfacial sealing, reduced nanoleakage, enhanced hybrid layer homogeneity, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase activity were observed.
  • ITCM demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • ITCM effectively induces collagen-based chemical bonding in CAD bonding systems.
  • ITCM significantly improves immediate and aged bond strength of CAD.
  • ITCM shows potential for clinical application in improving dental restorative procedures.