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Exploring apple pectic polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization, and biological activities - A comprehensive

Neeraj Kumari1, Manoj Kumar2, Radha1

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Apple polysaccharides offer significant health benefits due to their rich composition. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective properties, with broad applications in food and pharmaceuticals.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutraceuticals

Background:

  • Apples (Malus domestica) are rich in bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides.
  • Apple polysaccharides are found in various fruit parts like peel and pomace.
  • These polysaccharides contain beneficial components such as polyphenols and organic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of apple polysaccharides.
  • To explore the biological activities and potential applications of apple polysaccharides.
  • To investigate the impact of extraction methods on apple polysaccharide properties.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of polysaccharides using techniques like hot water, enzymatic, and solvent-assisted methods.
  • Analysis of structural features including molecular weight, monosaccharide units, and glycosidic linkages.
  • Evaluation of functional properties and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo).

Main Results:

  • Apple polysaccharides are primarily composed of (1→3) and (1→6)-linked α-β-glycosidic bonds.
  • Demonstrated antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic, and enzyme inhibitory effects.
  • Extraction procedures, storage, and processing significantly influence cell wall polysaccharide characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Apple polysaccharides possess diverse biological activities and significant health benefits.
  • They hold considerable potential for applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
  • Further research into apple polysaccharides can unlock novel applications for these valuable compounds.