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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
Published on: January 20, 2022
Glycoprotein and proteoglycan glycopeptide linkages -structures, characteristics, applications and simulations: A
Xu Zhang1, Shunyu Mao1, Xiaoyi Chen1
1Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae and Innovative Drug Discovery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
Abstract:
Glycopeptides represent a significant biomacromolecule class exhibiting diverse and potent biological activities. Covalent conjugation between saccharides and peptide moieties modulates molecular stability, mediates specific recognition events, and regulates biological functions across various physiological processes. Current glycopeptide research focuses on two sources: natural glycopeptides and synthetic glycopeptides. Natural glycopeptides, derived from plants, animals, and bacteria, play significant roles in cellular signaling and immune responses. Synthetic glycopeptides, including vaccines and therapeutic drugs, hold broad application prospects, but their structural complexity poses challenges to their total synthesis. This review summarizes existing glycopeptide structural characterization techniques, including modern analytical methods such as NMR, X-ray crystallography, and computer simulations, with particular emphasis on the structural features of O-, N-, C-, and S-linked glycopeptide bonds. By integrating the latest advances in natural glycopeptides from diverse biological sources and synthetic strategies for various medicinal glycopeptides, this review provides an in-depth discussion of the current applications of glycopeptides in biomedicine, functional foods, and other fields. Finally, potential research directions are proposed to explore new opportunities for glycopeptide development and multidisciplinary applications.
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