Endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath during bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions

Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) improves the diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). A notable methodological limitation of rEBUS is that it does not provide real-time images during transbronchial biopsy (TBB) procedures. To overcome this limitation, a guide sheath (GS) method was developed.

This review covers the procedures and complications of rEBUS-guided TBB with a GS (EGS method). We also present the data from key randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the EGS method and summarize the usefulness of combining the EGS method with various techniques. Finally, we discuss in which situations EGS should be used.

A large RCT showed that the diagnostic yield of the EGS method for PPLs was significantly higher than that of rEBUS-guided TBB without a GS (non-GS method). However, since the EGS and non-GS methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages, they should be considered complementary and used flexibly in different cases. In some cases, a combination of the two may be an option. The appropriate combination of EGS with various techniques may enhance the diagnostic yield of PPLs and help prevent complications. The choice should be based on the location and texture of the target lesion, as well as operator skill, resource availability, safety, and accuracy.