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Clinical Outcomes of Voiding Cystourethrogram and Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Bassam AlMatrafi1, Abdulhakim Al Otay2, Ahmed Alhelaly2
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, SAU.
Cureus
|November 13, 2023
Summary
Antibiotic prophylaxis did not fully prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children undergoing voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Further research is needed to optimize strategies for preventing UTIs associated with this common pediatric urology procedure.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and can lead to renal scarring.
- Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a key diagnostic imaging procedure in pediatric urology.
- VCUG-associated UTIs remain a concern, necessitating evaluation of preventive measures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the clinical outcomes of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing UTIs after voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children.
- To identify factors associated with UTIs following VCUG procedures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 147 pediatric patients who underwent VCUG between 2014 and 2021.
- Review of medical registries, radiological, and laboratory data.
- Definition of post-procedure UTI based on symptoms and positive urine culture within four weeks of VCUG.
Main Results:
- Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) was given to 38.8% of patients; 23.8% developed UTIs.
- No significant association was found between antibiotic prophylaxis and UTI development.
- A significant association was observed between sex and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), but not between VUR and UTI.
Conclusions:
- Antibiotic prophylaxis at a 38.8% rate did not eliminate UTIs in children undergoing VCUG.
- Further research is required to identify additional risk factors for UTIs post-VCUG.
- Optimization of prophylaxis strategies is needed to improve the safety of VCUG procedures in pediatric patients.
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