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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
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Spontaneous Emulsification: Elucidation of the Local Processes.

Monicka Kullappan, Wes Patel, Manoj K Chaudhury

    Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals spontaneous emulsification involves localized surfactant and water transfer, leading to emulsion inversion. Additives can halt this process by inhibiting transfer.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physical Chemistry
    • Colloid Science
    • Interfacial Phenomena

    Background:

    • Spontaneous emulsification mechanisms remain unclear despite thermodynamic studies.
    • Understanding local processes is crucial for controlling emulsion formation and inversion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate local processes of surfactant and water transfer in spontaneous emulsification.
    • Elucidate the mechanism of water-in-oil to oil-in-water emulsion inversion.

    Main Methods:

    • Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy.
    • Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
    • Analysis of emulsion droplet diffusion and component concentration fluctuations.

    Main Results:

    • Observed localized transfer of surfactants and water from aqueous to oil phases.
    • Emulsion inversion occurs abruptly upon crossing the phase boundary, potentially involving explosions and fragment assembly.
    • Fast diffusion of emulsion droplets and interfacial concentration fluctuations were noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous emulsification is driven by localized interfacial transport and phase boundary dynamics.
    • Mixed solvents amplify emulsification, while specific additives can arrest the process.
    • Findings provide insights into controlling emulsion stability and formation.