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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires
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A Lattice-Hinge-Design-Based Stretchable Textile Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Strain Sensing at 2.45 GHz.

Abdul Wahab Memon1,2, Benny Malengier1, Patrick Van Torre3

  • 1Centre of Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel stretchable textile antenna using a lattice hinge pattern. This design enables simultaneous wireless communication and strain sensing with enhanced flexibility and up to 25% stretchability.

Keywords:
e-textilelattice hinge designmultifunctional antennapolydimethylsiloxanestrain sensorstretchable antennawearable textile antenna

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Combining flexible and stretchable textile materials for antennas presents adhesion challenges, limiting overall stretchability.
  • Existing designs struggle to integrate multiple layers without compromising mechanical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a novel stretchable patch antenna for simultaneous strain sensing and wireless data communication.
  • To overcome the limitations of integrating diverse textile materials in stretchable antenna designs.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporated a lattice hinge pattern into the non-stretchable conductive e-textile to create a stretchable structure.
  • Introduced longitudinal cuts in the patch and ground plane for perpendicular stretching.
  • Utilized a 2 mm thick Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a maximum of 25% stretchability, significantly higher than designs without the lattice hinge.
  • Demonstrated a linear resonant frequency shift at 2.45 GHz when strained up to 25%, suitable for strain sensing.
  • Observed enhanced conformability and flexibility compared to solid patch antennas.
  • Measured E-plane and H-plane gains of 2.21 dBi and 2.34 dBi, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The lattice hinge pattern effectively transforms non-stretchable e-textiles into stretchable antenna structures.
  • The developed antenna is suitable for both general communication and as a sensing element in wearable applications.
  • This approach offers a simple and effective solution for stretchable textile antennas in communication and sensing fields.