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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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Temperature-driven coordination of circadian transcriptome regulation.

Bingxian Xu1,2, Dae-Sung Hwangbo3,4, Sumit Saurabh5

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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The circadian rhythm in fruit flies adapts to temperature changes by altering gene expression. Low temperatures increase gene coordination and synchronize rhythmic genes, revealing seasonal adaptation mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The circadian rhythm is a conserved molecular oscillator crucial for anticipating environmental changes.
  • Core clock genes regulate thousands of genes tissue-specifically, orchestrating biological processes.
  • Downstream effects of environmental perturbations on circadian regulation are poorly understood.

Approach:

  • Analyzed bulk RNA sequencing data from Drosophila fat bodies under varied environmental conditions.
  • Utilized a reference-based gene regulatory network (Reactome) for network analysis.
  • Investigated condition-specific circadian transcriptomes and gene-gene coordination.

Key Points:

  • Demonstrated a highly condition-specific circadian transcriptome in Drosophila.
  • Observed increased gene-gene coordination at low temperatures.
  • Found synchronization of rhythmic genes that are network neighbors at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian clock mechanisms mediate Drosophila's response to seasonal temperature changes.
  • Environmental temperature significantly influences circadian gene expression and network dynamics.
  • Findings provide insights into how organisms adapt their internal clocks to external cues.