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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

18
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

11
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

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Peripheral Transcriptomics in Acute and Long-Term Kidney Dysfunction in SARS-CoV2 Infection.

Pushkala Jayaraman, Madhumitha Rajagopal, Ishan Paranjpe

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
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    Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients involves mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Long-term kidney dysfunction is linked to cardiac issues and immune dysregulation, with shared pathways to sepsis-AKI.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Genomics
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized SARS-CoV2 patients, potentially leading to chronic kidney disease.
    • Peripheral blood molecular signatures associated with COVID-19 AKI and their impact on long-term kidney function remain largely uncharacterized.

    Approach:

    • Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 283 hospitalized SARS-CoV2 patients.
    • Differential gene expression analysis identified molecular signatures in AKI, which were compared to sepsis-AKI cohorts.
    • Associations between identified gene expression signatures and long-term kidney function (eGFR) were evaluated.

    Key Points:

    • 2635 significant differential gene expressions were identified in COVID-19 AKI patients (FDR<0.05), with top pathways including EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR signaling, and Th17 signaling.
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were indicated as key mechanisms in acute COVID-19 AKI.
    • A significant overlap (48.14%) in key pathways was observed between COVID-19 AKI and sepsis-associated AKI.
    • 164 genes (6.2%) were associated with decreased long-term kidney function, notably related to autophagy, renal fibrosis, and cardiac structure/function.

    Conclusions:

    • COVID-19 AKI is a multifactorial condition driven by ER stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
    • Long-term kidney function decline post-COVID-19 AKI is associated with cardiac factors and immune dysregulation.
    • Shared molecular signatures with sepsis-AKI suggest potential for therapeutic repurposing and generalizable treatment strategies.