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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
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Endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac disease: driver or consequence?

Jules D Allbritton-King1,2, Guillermo García-Cardeña1,2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vascular endothelium plays a key role in heart disease. Understanding endothelial dysfunction offers new therapeutic targets for cardiac pathologies.

Keywords:
cardiomyocytesendothelial cellsendothelial dysfunctionheart diseaseparacrine signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Endothelial Cell Biology
  • Cardiac Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The vascular endothelium is a critical interface influencing blood and vessel wall components.
  • Endothelial cells undergo phenotypic changes in response to biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the initiation, progression, and outcomes of cardiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endothelial function and dysfunction in mediating cardiomyocyte phenotype in cardiac pathologies.
  • To outline existing in vivo and in vitro models for studying endothelial cell dysfunction.
  • To discuss future directions for endothelium-targeted therapeutics in cardiac diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current understanding of endothelial function in cardiac disease.
  • Analysis of existing in vivo and in vitro models relevant to endothelial dysfunction.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelium.

Main Results:

  • The endothelium significantly influences cardiomyocyte phenotype across various cardiac pathologies.
  • Established models exist for recapitulating key features of endothelial cell dysfunction.
  • Endothelium-targeted therapies represent a promising avenue for treating cardiac diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a central mediator in cardiac pathologies.
  • Further research into endothelial cell biology can inform novel therapeutic development.
  • Targeting the endothelium holds potential for treating cardiac diseases with limited options.