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Updated: Jul 11, 2025
Author Spotlight: Advancing CBCT and Digital Dental Image Integration with AI-Assisted Digitization
Published on: February 23, 2024
A simplified low-cost phantom for image quality assessment of dental cone beam computed tomography unit
James Anthony Rabba1,2, Hanis Arina Jaafar1, Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi1
1Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Introduction:
A standardised testing protocol for evaluation of a wide range of dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) performance and image quality (IQ) parameters is still limited and commercially available testing tool is unaffordable by some centres. This study aims to assess the performance of a low-cost fabricated phantom for image quality assessment (IQA) of digital CBCT unit.
Methods:
A customised polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylindrical phantom was developed for performance evaluation of Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid digital dental CBCT unit. The fabricated phantom consists of four different layers for testing specific IQ parameters such as CT number accuracy and uniformity, noise and CT number linearity. The phantom was scanned using common scanning protocols in clinical routine (90.0 kV, 8.0 mA and 13.6 s). In region-of-interest (ROI) analysis, the mean CT numbers (in Hounsfield unit, HU) and noise for water and air were determined and compared with the reference values (0 HU for water and -1000 HU for air). For linearity test, the correlation between the measured HU of different inserts with their density was studied.
Results:
The average CT number were -994.1 HU and -2.4 HU, for air and water, respectively and the differences were within the recommended acceptable limit. The linearity test showed a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.9693) between the measured HU and their densities.
Conclusion:
The fabricated IQ phantom serves as a simple and affordable testing tool for digital dental CBCT imaging.
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