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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Photochromic Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides.

Jörn Bargstedt1, Martin Reinschmidt1, Leon Tydecks1

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Photochromic nucleosides and oligonucleotides enable light-controlled biomolecule manipulation. This review details their design, synthesis, and applications in gene regulation and DNA structure modulation.

Keywords:
DiarylethenesNucleic AcidsPhotochromic NucleosidesPhotochromismPhotoswitches

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Photochromism involves reversible color change upon light exposure, often via isomerization in organic molecules.
  • Integrating photochromic units into biomolecules like nucleic acids creates light-responsive systems.
  • Light offers non-invasive control over biomolecular function, ideal for cellular and tissue applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in photochromic nucleosides and oligonucleotides.
  • To cover design principles, synthesis, analysis, and structure-property relationships.
  • To highlight applications in gene expression, oligonucleotide structure, and fluorescence modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on photochromic nucleosides and oligonucleotides.
  • Analysis of design strategies for photochromic moieties.
  • Examination of synthetic routes and structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • Overview of various photochrome classes and their integration into nucleic acids.
  • Discussion of challenges in synthesis and characterization.
  • Examples of applications including gene regulation and DNA structure control.

Conclusions:

  • Photochromic nucleic acid derivatives offer versatile tools for light-controlled biological applications.
  • Further research can expand their utility in molecular biology and nanotechnology.
  • Future perspectives include novel modifications and expanded applications.