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Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
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Brainstem Neural Circuits Triggering Vertical Saccades and Fixation.

M Takahashi1, Y Sugiuchi2, Y Shinoda2

  • 1Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan takahashi.phy1@tmd.ac.jp.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new neural circuit for vertical eye movements. This circuit, involving vertical inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs), works similarly to the previously known horizontal circuit, enabling saccades in all directions.

Keywords:
inhibitory burst neuroninterstitial nucleus of Cajalomnipause neuronsaccade triggersuperior colliculus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oculomotor control
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Saccadic eye movements are crucial for shifting gaze and maintaining visual stability.
  • Omnipause neurons (OPNs) tonically inhibit saccade burst neurons (BNs) during fixation.
  • Previous research identified horizontal inhibitory BNs (IBNs) from the superior colliculus (SC) inhibiting OPNs for horizontal saccades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neural circuit responsible for inhibiting OPNs during vertical saccades.
  • To determine if a disynaptic vertical IBN circuit analogous to the horizontal pathway exists.

Main Methods:

  • Intracellular recording in anesthetized cats.
  • Anatomical staining.
  • Midline section to differentiate horizontal and vertical pathways.
  • Stimulation of the superior colliculus (SC) saccade areas.

Main Results:

  • A disynaptic circuit inhibiting OPNs during vertical saccades was identified.
  • Vertical IBNs in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal receive input from the rostral SC.
  • Vertical IBNs, not horizontal IBNs, are responsible for OPN inhibition during vertical saccades.

Conclusions:

  • A conserved SC-IBN-OPN circuit mechanism triggers saccades in both horizontal and vertical oculomotor pathways.
  • This dual-circuit system allows for saccadic eye movements in any direction.
  • The findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of gaze control.