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Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Published on: November 19, 2012

Hippocampal firing fields anchored to a moving object predict homing direction during path-integration-based

Maryam Najafian Jazi¹, Adrian Tymorek¹, Ting-Yun Yen¹

¹Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.

Nature Communications

|November 15, 2023

Summary

This study reveals how mouse hippocampus neurons encode spatial information during homing navigation. Object-anchored hippocampal firing fields predict navigation direction, advancing our understanding of spatial memory.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Published on: November 19, 2012

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

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Published on: August 2, 2017

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Animal Behavior

Background:

Homing based on path integration (H-PI) is crucial for animal navigation.
The hippocampus plays a role in homing, but its spatial representations during H-PI are unclear.
Understanding hippocampal function in navigation is key to deciphering spatial memory.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate hippocampal spatial representations during homing behavior in mice.
To determine if hippocampal neurons encode information about object locations and homing direction.
To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying path integration-based navigation.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel AutoPI task requiring mice to locate a lever and return home.
Recorded neural activity from the CA1 area of the hippocampus in male mice.
Analyzed neural remapping and firing field properties in relation to task conditions and behavior.

Main Results:

Hippocampal neurons showed remapping between different behavioral states (foraging, AutoPI task, light/dark conditions).
Approximately 25% of hippocampal firing fields were anchored to the lever's position.
Activity in 24% of cells with lever-anchored fields predicted the animal's homing direction.

Conclusions:

Hippocampal spatial representations dynamically adapt to navigation demands.
Object-anchored firing fields in the hippocampus are important for representing goal locations.
Hippocampal neuron activity, particularly with object-anchored fields, predicts homing behavior, offering insights into spatial navigation mechanisms.