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Metformin ameliorates insulin resistance, thyroid nodules and thyroid function.

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Metformin significantly improved insulin resistance (IR) and thyroid nodules (TNs) in patients with IR. Metformin therapy also reduced oxidative stress and regulated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, demonstrating high safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic condition associated with various health issues.
  • Thyroid nodules (TNs) are common, and their management can be complex, especially in patients with concurrent IR.
  • Understanding the interplay between IR, thyroid function, and TNs is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of metformin on insulin resistance (IR).
  • To evaluate the impact of metformin on thyroid nodules (TNs) and thyroid function in patients with IR.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of metformin as an adjunct therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 128 TN patients with IR.
  • Comparison between a control group (lifestyle intervention) and a study group (lifestyle intervention + metformin).
  • Assessment of weight, IR markers, thyroid function, TN size, and oxidative stress before and after 1 year of treatment.

Main Results:

  • Metformin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), and HOMA-IR.
  • The study group showed significant improvements in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased TN diameter and volume.
  • While adverse reactions were more frequent in the metformin group, metformin and free thyroxine (FT4) were identified as protective factors for TSH.

Conclusions:

  • Metformin effectively improves IR and oxidative stress in TN patients with IR.
  • Metformin treatment leads to TSH level regulation and a reduction in TN size.
  • Metformin demonstrates high safety and efficacy, with metformin and FT4 being key factors for a positive prognosis.