Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Oocytes at GV and MII Stages and Dynamic Changes in Key Gene Expression Patterns

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Genomics

Background:

• Oocyte maturation is essential for mammalian reproduction and involves complex gene expression regulation.
• Understanding gene expression dynamics during oocyte development is critical for reproductive success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare gene expression profiles between germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stage bovine oocytes.
• To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated functions during oocyte maturation.

Main Methods:

• Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was utilized to analyze gene expression in GV and MII stage bovine oocytes.
• Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on DEGs.
• RT-qPCR was employed for validation of key gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

• 1787 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between GV and MII stages.
• Genes upregulated in the GV stage were predominantly linked to mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism.
• Downregulated genes in the GV stage were primarily associated with signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

• Significant gene expression disparities exist between GV and MII bovine oocytes.
• Genes involved in energy metabolism and signaling pathways play critical roles in oocyte maturation.
• Identified gene expression patterns can serve as molecular markers for studying oocyte maturation mechanisms.