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Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review.

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This review explores using seawater as a sustainable fracturing fluid to address freshwater depletion. Additives are discussed to mitigate salinity issues and ensure effective hydraulic fracturing operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Hydraulic fracturing demands significant freshwater resources, exacerbating global water scarcity.
  • Conventional and unconventional wells consume millions of gallons of water, posing sustainability challenges.
  • Regions with limited freshwater access face operational hurdles for hydraulic fracturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the feasibility of using seawater as a fracturing fluid.
  • To identify and analyze additives that counteract seawater's salinity-induced issues.
  • To explore technologies for developing stable and efficient seawater-based fracturing fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on seawater utilization in hydraulic fracturing.
  • Analysis of additive mechanisms (polymers, surfactants, chelating agents, etc.) and their interaction with seawater ions.
  • Examination of technologies for enhancing seawater fluid properties (thermal stability, reduced scaling, proppant transport).

Main Results:

  • Seawater offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to freshwater for hydraulic fracturing.
  • Additives can effectively manage salinity challenges, preventing scaling and precipitation.
  • Developed seawater-based fluids demonstrate improved thermal stability and proppant-carrying capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Seawater-based fracturing fluids are a viable solution for water-stressed regions.
  • Optimized additive packages are crucial for successful seawater fracturing fluid formulation.
  • Further research and field testing are essential to validate performance and scalability.