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Experimenting with every American king.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Standard semantics predict

Keywords:
Empty restrictorsEveryExperimentQuantifiers

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Area of Science:

  • Semantics and Pragmatics
  • Formal Semantics
  • Natural Language Understanding

Background:

  • Standard semantic theories predict sentences with empty restrictors (e.g., 'Every American king') are true.
  • However, many find such sentences odd, particularly with determiners like 'every' compared to 'no'.
  • Empirical investigation into the perception of empty restrictors is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate how people judge the truth and oddity of sentences with empty restrictors.
  • To examine whether determiner type influences these judgments.
  • To test existing semantic accounts against empirical data.

Main Methods:

  • Three experimental surveys were conducted.
  • Participants judged the truth and/or oddity of sentences containing 'every' and 'no' with empty restrictors.
  • Data were analyzed to identify patterns in judgments based on determiner type and truth value assignment.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was found in the tendency to judge sentences as odd based on determiner type ('every' vs. 'no').
  • Assessors who assigned a truth value to 'every' sentences with empty restrictors overwhelmingly assigned 'false'.
  • Existing semantic theories do not straightforwardly account for these findings.

Conclusions:

  • The empirical results challenge standard semantic predictions for 'every' with empty restrictors.
  • The tendency to assign 'false' to such sentences requires new theoretical explanations.
  • The study highlights the need for semantic theories to align with empirical judgments of language users.